Looking Inside The machine

The computer hardware - the hardware - has many parts , but the critical components fall into one of four categories.

1. Processor.

2. Memory.

3. Input and out put devices.

4. Storage.

The Processor that transforms raw data into useful information is called Processing. To perform this transformation, the computer users two components: the processor and memory.

The processor is like the brain of  the computer in the way that it organizes and carries out instructions that come from either the user or the software . In a personal computer, the processor usually consists of one or more microprocessors sometimes called "chips". which are silvers of silicon or other material etched with many tiny electronic circuits. To process data, the computer passes electricity through the circuits to complete 

an instruction.

The processor is plugged into the computer's mother board. The motherboard is a rigid rectangular card containing the circuitry that connects the processor to the other hardware. The motherboard is an example of a circuit board. In most personal computers, many internal devices- such as video cards, sound cards, disk controllers, and other devices - are housed on their own smaller circuit boards - which attach to the motherboard. Newer microprocessors are large and complex enough to require their own dedicated circuit boards, which plug into a special slot in the motherboard , You can think of the mother board as the master circuit board in a computer. Note , however , that in newer personal computers, some devices are built directly onto the motherboard instead of  attaching to it as a separate circuit board. This development promises to make computers smaller, faster, and less expensive.

A personal computer's processor is usually a single chip or a set of chips contained on a circuit board. In some powerful computers, the processor consists of many chips and the circuit boards on which they are mounted. In either case. the term central processing unit (CPU) refers to a computer's processor. People often refer to computer system by the type CPU they contain. A Pentium system, for example uses Pentium class microprocessor as its CPU.

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